Child 44(2015)
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Tom Hardy plays former MGB Agent Leo Demidov, who is tasked with investigating a series of grotesque child murders in Stalin's USSR. Opening scenes introduce us to Leo as a young man who gains hero status at the end of World War 2 when he is photographed raising the Soviet flag over captured Berlin. His fall comes several years later when he refuses to denounce his wife, Raisa (Noomi Rapace), after she is accused of "unpatriotic" activities. His punishment is exile. While eking out an existence far from Moscow, Leo and his new commanding officer, General Timur Nestero (Gary Oldman), begin to explore the possibility that several seemingly unrelated child murders might be the work of a single man. For Leo, the investigation becomes a race against time as several of his former MGB colleagues determine that the best service he could provide to the USSR is to die anonymously.
Russia during the Stalin-era proves to be a challenging place to look for truth, or so learns Leo Demidov (Tom Harding) when his investigation into a series of child murders uncovers corruption in top officials.
In 1980, Zimbabwe rapidly expanded access to secondary schools, providing a natural experiment to estimate the impact of increased maternal secondary education on child mortality. Exploiting age specific exposure to these reforms, we find that children born to mothers most likely to have benefited from the policies were about 21% less likely to die than children born to slightly older mothers. We also find that increased education leads to delayed age at marriage, sexual debut, and first birth and that increased education leads to better economic opportunities for women. We find little evidence supporting other channels through which increased education might affect child mortality. Expanding access to secondary schools may greatly accelerate declines in child mortality in the developing world today.
The report includes demographic and income data about custodial parents and details child support income for custodial parents living below poverty levels. The poverty rate of custodial-mother families in 2015 (29.2 percent) was significantly higher than the poverty rate for custodial-father families (16.7 percent). Of the 1.6 million custodial parents with incomes below the poverty level who were supposed to receive child support in 2015, 39.2 percent received full payments.
This data comes from the Child Support Supplement to the April 2016 Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS provides demographic information about custodial parents, as well as child support and other income or program data for the 2015 calendar year.
Pointing out flaws (like the existence of murder) could draw attention to other imperfections the state would prefer to keep hidden. So, in the interest of retaining power and privilege, some agents of the state prefer to let children die unseen.
The film ends with Demidov and Raisa forming true feelings for each other. They go on to create a real family, adopting the children orphaned by Vasili. This is a very natural resolution (because almost all films are about family and love). 781b155fdc